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lamp-lighting time

  • 1 λύχνος

    λύχνος, ὁ, pl.
    A

    λύχνοι Batr.180

    , Ar.Eq. 1315, Antiph.70, 152, PPetr.2p.72 (iii B. C.): freq. also λύχνα, Hdt.2.62, 133, E.Cyc. 514 (lyr.), Call.Hec.1.4.11, etc., prob. in Alc.41.1. (Fr. λυκ- sno-, cf. Λύκη):—portable light, lamp,

    χρύσεος λ. Od.19.34

    ; λύχνα καίειν, ἀνάπτειν, light lamps, Hdt. ll. cc.;

    ἅπτε, παῖ, λ. Ar.Nu.18

    ; λύχνους ἅπτειν to have an illumination, Arr.Epict.2.17.37;

    λύχνους ἀποσβέσαι Ar.Pl. 668

    ; λ. ἀπεσβήκει had been put out, Pl.Smp. 218b; περὶ λύχνων ἁφάς about lamp-lighting time, i. e. towards nightfall, Hdt.7.215, D.S.19.31; πάννυχος λ. παρακαίεται lamps are kept burning all night, Hdt.2.130;

    καύσεις λύχνων Sammelb.1161.14

     (i B. C.);

    ἔλαιον ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔνεστ' ἐν τῷ λύχνῳ Ar.Nu.56

    ; cf. κεράτινος.
    2 in pl., οἱ λύχνοι or τὰ λύχνα the lamp-market, οὑκ τῶν λ. ib. 1065.
    II a fish, Str. 17.2.4, Hsch.; cf. Lat. lucerna, Plin.HN9.82.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λύχνος

  • 2 ἁφή

    ἁφή, ἡ, ([etym.] ἅπτω)
    A lighting, kindling, περὶ λύχνων ἁφάς about lamp- lighting time, Hdt.7.215, cf.PTeb.88.12 (ii B. C.), D.H.11.33, D.S.19.31, Ath.12.526c.
    2 sense of touch, Pl.R. 523e, cf. Arist.EN 1118b1, de An. 424a12;

    ἀκριβεστάτην.. τῶν αἰσθήσεων τὴν ἁφήν Id.HA 494b16

    ;

    ἡ ἁφὴ ἐν ταῖς αἰσθήσεσι παρέσπαρται Luc.Salt.70

    .
    3 touch of the harp-strings, metaph.,

    ἐμμελοῦς ἁφῆς καὶ κρούσεως Plu.Per.15

    ;

    οὐχὶ συμφώνους ἁφάς Damox. 2.42

    .
    4 grip, in wrestling, etc.,

    ἁφὴν ἐνδιδόναι αὑτοῦ Plu.2.86f

    : metaph.,

    τοῖς ἀφληταῖς τῆς λέξεως ἰσχυρὰς τὰς ἁ. προσεῖναι δεῖ καὶ ἀφύκτους τὰς λαβάς D.H.Dem.18

    ;

    ἁφὰς ἔχει καὶ τόνους ἰσχυρούς Id.Lys. 13

    ; ἁ. εἶχεν ἡ συνδιαίτησις ἄφυκτον, of Cleopatra, Plu.Ant.27.
    5 sand sprinkled over wrestlers, to enable them to get a grip of one another, Arr.Epict.3.15.4;

    ἁφῇ πηλώσασθαι IG4.955

     (Epid., ii A. D.).
    6 Math., contact of surfaces, etc., Arist.Ph. 227a17, Metaph. 1014b22, al.; point of contact, Euc.Phaen.p.16M., al.; of intersection, Papp. 988.9, cf. Alex.Aphr. in Top.24.16.
    7 in pl., stripes, strokes, LXX 2 Ki.7.14, al.
    8 infection, esp. of leprosy, ib.Le.13.6, al.: generally, plague, Aq.Ge.12.17, Aq., Sm.Ex.11.1.
    III junction, point of contact in the body, Arist.GC 326b12, 327a12; ligament, Ep. Eph.4.16, Ep.Col.2.19.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἁφή

  • 3 светильничное

    Religion: lucernarium (An early name for vespers, literally "lamp-lighting time", referring to the candles lit for this service when it was held in the early evening)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > светильничное

  • 4 περί

    περί, Thess., Delph. περ IG9(2).517.17 (iii B.C.), al., Schwyzer 323 A4 (v/iv B.C.), also [dialect] Aeol., v. infr. A. V ; Elean παρ ib.413.4: Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.:—
    A round about, all round (prop. different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Skt. pári 'round about'.)
    A WITH GENITIVE,
    I of Place, sts. in Poets, round about, around,

    τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς Od.5.68

     ;

    τείχη π. Δαρδανίας E. Tr. 818

     (lyr., s.v.l.);

    εἴλυμα π. χροός A.R.2.1129

     : rarely, like ἀμφί, on both sides, v. περιβαίνω 1 fin.
    2 about near,

    π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα IG14.2508

     ([place name] Nemausus).
    II to denote the object about or for which one does something:
    1 with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought about, π. τῶνδε for these prizes, Il.23.659 ;

    π. πτόλιος.. μαχήσεται 18.265

     ; π. Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος ib. 195, cf. 17.120;

    π. σεῖο 3.137

     ;

    π. νηὸς ἔχον πόνον 15.416

    ; ἀμύνεσθαι π. πάτρης, π. νηῶν, π. τέκνων, 12.243, 142, 170, etc.; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was for my life, Od.9.423 ;

    π. ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος Il.22.161

     ;

    π. ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο Od.22.245

    ; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, Hdt.7.57,9.37;

    ἀγῶνας δραμέονται π. σφέων αὐτῶν Id.8.102

    ;

    νεναυμάχηκε τὴν π. τῶν κρεῶν Ar. Ra. 191

     ; <

    τὸν> π. τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντες Hdt.8.74

    ; κινδυνεύειν π. τινός ibid., etc.;

    οὐ π. τῶν ἴσων ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστι X.HG7.1.7

    ; and without a Verb,

    π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί Th.1.122

    ;

    π. πάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁ ἀγών X.Cyr. 3.3.44

    , cf. S.Aj. 936(lyr.), etc.;

    μάχη π. τινός Pl.Tht. 179d

     ;

    ἐπειγόμενοι π. νίκης Il.23.437

    , cf. 639, Hdt.8.26 ;

    πεῖραν θανάτου π. καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαι Pi.N.9.29

     ;

    π. θανάτου φεύγειν Antipho 5.95

     ; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, Il.15.284 ;

    καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον π. τόξων Od.8.225

    , cf. 24.515.
    2 with words which denote care or anxiety, about, on account of,

    π. Τρώων.. μερμηρίζειν Il.20.17

    ;

    ἄχος π. τινός Od.21.249

     ;

    φόνου π. βουλεύειν 16.234

     ;

    φροντίζειν π. τινός Hdt.8.36

    , etc.;

    κήδεσθαι π. τ. S.Ph. 621

     ;

    δεδιέναι π. τ. Pl.Prt. 320a

    , etc.;

    ἀπολογεῖσθαι π. τ. X.Cyr.2.2.13

    ; κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ., Pi.N.5.40, Antipho 5.96; π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν, IG12.57.42, X.HG2.3.50, Lycurg.11 ;

    βουλεύεσθαι π. τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας Isoc.5.69

     ;

    π. Μεθωναίων IG12.57.49

     ; διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός, Pl.Phdr. 270d, Phd. 65e;

    μαντεύεσθαι π. τ. Hdt.8.36

    , cf. S.Tr.77 ; π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σοι; so with you it is a question of drink? Ar.Eq.87, cf. Plu.2.43b.
    3 with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc., about, concerning,

    π. νόστου ἄκουσα Od.19.270

     ;

    οἶδα γὰρ εὖ π. κείνου 17.563

     ;

    π. πομπῆς μνησόμεθα 7.191

     ;

    π. πατρὸς ἐρέσθαι 1.135

    , 3.77 ; π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι, etc., Hdt. 1.5, S.OT 707, X.Cyr.1.6.13, etc.;

    λέγειν καὶ ἀκούειν π. ἑκάστου Th.4.22

    , etc.;

    λόγος π. τινός Pl.Prt. 347b

    , etc.;

    ἡ π. τινὸς φήμη Aeschin.1.48

     ; π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι, S.El. 1111, Ant. 193 ; π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι, Isoc.9.2, Pl.Plt. 274b, Euthphr.6c, etc.;

    παίζειν π. τινός X.Mem.1.3.8

    ;

    ἐμπειροτέρως ἔχειν π. τινός Aeschin.1.82

    ;

    νόμον γράψαι π. τινός X.HG2.3.52

    , etc.;

    νόμῳ χρῆσθαι π. τινός S.Ant. 214

    .
    4 of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought for very enmity, Il.7.301, cf. 16.476, 20.253.
    5 about, in regard to,

    μεμηνυμένος π. τινός Th.6.53

     ;

    οὕτως ἔσχε π. τοῦ πρήγματος τούτου Hdt.1.117

    ;

    τὰ π. τῶν Πλαταιῶν γεγενημένα Th.2.6

    ;

    τὸ π. τούτου γεγονός Plb.1.54.5

     : in Prose freq. without a Verb,

    ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις Th.6.88

     ; τὰ π. τινός the circumstances of.., ib.32, 8.14,26, etc. (cf. infr. C. 1.5); οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (sc. ἔχει) Pl.Men. 72c, cf. R. 534b, 551c, etc.; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον as for reserving the corn, PMich.Zen.28.5 (iii B.C.): without the Art., ἀριθμοῦ πέρι as to number, Hdt.7.102; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι .. Id.2.54.
    III before, above, beyond, of superiority, chiefly in [dialect] Ep.,

    π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων Il.1.287

    ;

    π. δ' ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι 4.375

    ;

    τετιμῆσθαι π. πάντων 9.38

    ;

    ὃν π. πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης 5.325

     ;

    ὃν.. π. πάντων φίλατο παίδων 20.304

    ;

    π. πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν Od.7.108

    ;

    κρατερὸς π. πάντων Il.21.566

    , cf. 1.417, Od.11.216: in this sense freq. divided from its gen., π. φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων in understanding to be beyond them, Il.17.171, cf. 1.258, Od.1.66 ;

    π. μὲν εἶδος, π. δ' ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν Il.17.279

     ;

    π. μὲν κρατέεις, π. δ' αἴσυλα ῥέζεις ἀνδρῶν 21.214

     ;

    π. δ' ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι 7.289

    , cf. Pi.O.6.50, Theoc. 25.119.—In this sense π. is sts. adverbial, and the gen. is absent, v. infr. E. II.
    IV in Hdt. and [dialect] Att. Prose, to denote value, ἡμῖν π. πολλοῦ ἐστι it is of much consequence, worth much, to us, Hdt.1. 120, cf. Antipho 6.3 ; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας to reckon them for, i.e. worth, much, Hdt.1.73, X.Mem.2.3.10, etc.; π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι, Id.An.7.7.44, Cyr.7.5.60 ;

    π. πλείστου ἡγεῖσθαι Th.2.89

     ;

    π. παντὸς ποιεῖσθαι X.Cyr.1.4.1

     ; π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι, Lys.2.71,31.31.
    V [dialect] Aeol. περί and περ = ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς.. δίννεντες πτέρα Sapph.1.10; περ κεφάλας prob. in Alc.93, cf. 18 ;

    περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαι Theoc.29.25

    ; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid on my behalf, PCair. Zen.790.23 (iii B. C.), cf. UPZ57.12 (ii B. C.).
    B WITH DATIVE (in [dialect] Att. Prose mostly in signf. 11, esp. in Th.),
    I of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc.,

    ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα Il.10.21

     ;

    χιτῶνα π. χροῒ δῦνεν Od.15.60

     ;

    δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ π. χροΐ Il.13.241

     ;

    ἕσσαντο π. χροῒ χαλκόν Od.24.467

    ;

    κνημῖδας.. π. κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε Il.11.17

     ;

    βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα π. στήθεσσι 12.401

     : in Prose,

    π. τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάρας Hdt.7.61

    ;

    θώρακα π. τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχειν X.Cyr.1.2.13

    ; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί ib.1.3.2. ;

    π. τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄντα Pl.R. 359e

    , etc.;

    χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε π. στήθεσσι Il.13.245

    ;

    χιτῶνα π. στήθεσσι δαΐξαι 2.416

     ;

    πήληξ.. κονάβησε π. κροτάφοισι 15.648

    ; in other relations, π. δ' ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear, 2.389 ;

    δράκων ἑλισσόμενος π. χειῇ 22.95

     ;

    κνίση ἑλισσομένη π. καπνῷ 1.317

    ;

    π. σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση 23.598

    ;

    μάρναντο π. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν 18.453

     : rarely in Trag.,

    π. βρέτει πλεχθείς A.Eu. 259

     (lyr.);

    κεῖται νεκρὸς π. νεκρῷ S.Ant. 1240

    .
    2 in Poets, also, around a weapon, i. e. spitted upon it, transfixed by it,

    π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη Il.21.577

    ;

    ἐρεικόμενος π. δουρί 13.441

     ;

    κυλινδόμενος π. χαλκῷ 8.86

     ;

    π. δουρὶ ἤσπαιρε 13.570

    ;

    πεπτῶτα π. ξίφει S.Aj. 828

    ;

    αἷμα ἐρωήσει π. δουρί Il.1.303

    .
    3 of a warrior standing over a dead comrade so as to defend him,

    ἀμφὶ δ' ἄρ' αὐτῷ βαῖν', ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ 17.4

    ; ἑστήκει, ὥς τίς τε λέων π. οἷσι τέκεσσι ib. 133 ; Αἴας π. Πατρόκλῳ.. βεβήκει ib. 137, cf. 355 ;

    π. σκύμνοισι βεβηκώς Ar.Eq. 1039

    .
    II of an object for or about which one struggles (cf. supr. A. 11.1),

    π. οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι Od.17.471

     ;

    μαχήσασθαι π. δαιτί 2.245

     ;

    π. παιδὶ μάχης πόνος Il.16.568

     ;

    ἄνδρα π. ᾗ πατρίδι μαρνάμενον Tyrt.10.2

    ;

    π. τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν Pl.Prt. 314a

     ;

    π. τῇ Σικελίᾳ ἔσται ὁ ἀγών Th.6.34

     codd.;

    κινδυνεύειν π. αὑτῷ Antipho 5.6

    .
    2 with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (cf. supr. A. 11.2),

    π. γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν, μή τι πάθοι Il.5.566

     ;

    ἔδεισεν δὲ π. ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ 10.240

    , cf. 11.557;

    δεδιότες π. τῷ χωρίῳ Th.1.60

    , cf. 74, 119, Ar.Eq.27;

    θαρρεῖν π. τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῇ Pl.Phd. 114d

    , cf. Tht. 148c;

    π. πλέγματι γαθεῖ Theoc.1.54

    .
    3 generally, of the cause or occasion, on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, v.l. for ὑπὸ καπνοῦ in Il.8.183;

    μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς Hdt.9.101

    ;

    π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαι Th.6.33

     ;

    π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναι Id.1.69

     : in Poets, π. δείματι for fear, Pi.P.5.58 ; π. τιμᾷ in honour or praise, ib.2.59; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, A.Pers. 696 (lyr.), Ch.35(lyr.);

    π. χάρματι h.Cer. 429

    :—but π. θυμῷ is f.l. in Hdt.3.50.
    C WITH ACCUSATIVE,
    I of Place, prop. of the object round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, Od.11.42 ;

    π. νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππους Il.23.13

     ;

    π. τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι 22.162

     ; ἄστυ πέρι.. διώκειν ib. 173, 230 ;

    ἐρύσας π. σῆμα 24.16

    , cf. 51, etc.;

    π. φρένας ἤλυθ' ἰωή 10.139

     ;

    π. φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος Od.9.362

     : also of extension round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, Il.18.374, Od.13.187, etc.;

    λέξασθαι π. ἄστυ Il.8.519

     ;

    μάρνασθαι π. ἄ. 6.256

    , etc.;

    φυλάσσοντας π. μῆλα 12.303

    ; οἳ π. Πηνειὸν.. ναίεσκον, π. Δωδώνην.. οἰκί' ἔθεντο, 2.757, 750;

    σειρήν κεν π. ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην 8.25

    , cf. Od.18.67: in Prose,

    ἰκριῶσαι π. τὼ ἀγάλματε IG12.371.22

    ;

    φυλακὰς δεῖ π. τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναι X.An. 5.1.9

    ; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν somewhere near it, Pl.Phdr. 259a, cf. X.Cyr. 1.2.9;

    εἶναι π. τὸν λαγώ Id.Cyn.4.4

    ; π. λίθον πεσών upon it, Ar.Ach. 1180; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse upon themselves, D.2.10;

    ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] π. ἀλλήλας Th.7.23

    ; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many to one, Hdt.7.103 ; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα.. τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is imputable to him who.., Antipho 4.4.2 : freq. with a Subst. only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, X.HG2.3.32 ;

    οἱ π. τὴν Ἔφεσον Pl.Tht. 179e

    ;

    στρατηγοὶ π. Πελοπόννησον IG12.324.18

     : strengthd.,

    π. τ' ἀμφί τε τάφρον Il.17.760

    ;

    π. τ' ἀμφί τε κύματα Hes.Th. 848

     ; cf. ἀμφί c. 1.2.
    2 of persons who are about one,

    ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν X.HG5.3.22

     ; esp. οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues,

    οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις Th.8.63

     ; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, Pl.Cra. 440c, cf. X.An.1.5.8, etc.; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, Id.HG5.4.2, cf. An.2.4.2, etc.; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so and his family, PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.), etc.; later οἱ π. τινά, periphr. for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, Plu.Pyrrh.20, cf. Tim.13, IGRom.3.883.14 (Tarsus, ii/iii A.D.); cf. ἀμφί C. 1.3.
    3 of the object about which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, Il.24.444, Od.4.624 (but π. τεύχε' ἕπουσι, tmesis for περιέπουσι, Il.15.555); later mostly εἶναι π. τι, Th.7.31, X.HG2.2.4;

    γενέσθαι Isoc.3.12

    ; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett. Val.17.20;

    ὄντων ἡμῶν π. ταύτην τὴν πραγματείαν D.48.6

    ;

    διατρῖψαι π. τὴν θήραν X.Cyr.1.2.11

    , etc.: less freq.

    ἔχειν π. τινάς Id.HG7.4.28

    , Gal.15.442; in periphr. phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες poets and orators, Isoc.12.35 ;

    οἱ π. τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντες Id.9.8

    ; οἱ π. τὴν μουσικήν ib.4 ; οἱ π. τὰς τελετάς ministers of the mysteries, Pl.Phd. 69c ; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, X. Eq.6.3; cf. ἀμφί C. 1.6.
    4 round or about a place, and so in,

    π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι Od.4.368

    , cf. 90;

    ἐμέμηκον π. σηκούς 9.439

     ; ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν in his heart, Pi.P.4.122 ;

    χρονίζειν π. Αἴγυπτον Hdt.3.61

    , cf. 7.131;

    εὕροι ἄν τις [βασιλείας] π. τοὺς βαρβάρους Pl.R. 544d

    , etc.; οἱ

    π. Φωκίδα τόποι Plb.5.24.12

    , etc.
    5 about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, Hdt.3.13, 6.26 ;

    εὐσεβεῖν π. θεούς Pl.Smp. 193a

     ;

    ἀσεβεῖν π. ξένους X.Cyr.5.2.10

     ;

    ἁμαρτάνειν π. τινάς Id.An.3.2.20

    ;

    ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς π. τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων IG12.59.10

     ;

    ἄνδρ' ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι π. τὴν πόλιν Ar.Ach. 696

     ;

    τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν π. τὸν πατέρα Lys.10.21

     ;

    οὐδεμία συμφορὴ.. ἔσται.. π. οἶκον τὸν σόν Hdt.8.102

     ; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, Id.1.158, Pl.Grg. 507a;

    τὰ π. Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθέντα Hdt.3.76

     ;

    καινοτομεῖν π. τὰ θεῖα Pl. Euthphr.3b

     ;

    π. θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν X.Mem.1.1.20

     ; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, Isoc.1.10: without a Verb,

    αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί X.Cyr.7.2.20

    ;

    ἡ π. αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλεια Isoc.9.2

    ;

    ἡ π. ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησις Pl.Phdr. 246b

    : generally, of all relations, about, concerning, in respect of,

    π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει Hdt.2.93

    , cf. 8.86;

    πονηρὸν π. τὸ σῶμα Pl.Prt. 313d

    ;

    ἀκόλαστος π. ταῦτα Aeschin.1.42

     ; γελοῖος π. τὰς διατριβάς ib.126 ;

    ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος π. τὸν Ἀστύοχον Th.8.84

    ; as to (cf. A. 11.5),

    π. τὸ παρὸν πάθος Pl.Tht. 179c

    , cf. Phd. 65a : freq. in place of an Adj., ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά, Id.R. 370d ;

    οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμους Id.Cri. 50d

     ;

    αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναί Id.Phlb. 51e

     ; also in place of a gen., οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches of L., Id.Phdr. 279a; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism of P., X.HG5.4.2 ;

    ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόν Arist.EN 1149b19

     : in Prose, to denote circumstances connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, Hdt.1.95, 2.113, 4.154 ; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the works at Mount Athos, Id.7.37; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, Th.1.13; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (v.l. for τῆς ναυμαχίας ) the events of.., Id.8.63;

    τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον Pl.R. 468a

    ;

    τὰ π. τὸ σῶμα Id.Phdr. 246d

    ;

    τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς X.Cyr.8.1.23

    , etc.; cf. ἀμφί c.1.4.
    II of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάς about the time of lamp-lighting, Hdt.7.215; π. μέσας νύκτας about midnight, X.An.1.7.1; π. πλήθουσαν ἀγοράν ib.2.1.7; π. ἡλίου δυσμάς ib.6.5.32 ;

    π. τούτους τοὺς χρόνους Th.3.89

    , etc.
    2 of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, Id.1.54;

    π. ἑπτακοσίους X.HG2.4.5

    , etc.
    D Position: π. may follow its Subst., when it suffers anastrophe,

    ἄστυ πέρι Il.22.173

    ;

    ἔριδος πέρι 16.476

    : most freq. with gen.,

    τοῦδε πράγματος πέρι A.Eu. 630

    ;

    τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέρι Id.Th. 248

    , etc. (S. only once uses it before its gen., Aj. 150 (anap.)): in Prose,

    σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι Hdt.8.36

    ;

    σοφίας πέρι Pl.Phlb. 49a

    ;

    δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκων Id.Grg. 455a

    , etc.;

    γραμμάτων εἴπομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῶς ἔχεις πέρι Id.Lg. 809e

    , cf. Ap. 19c.
    E περί abs., as ADV., around, about, also, near, by, freq. in Hom.,

    γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα π. χθών Il.19.362

    , al.: strengthd.,

    περί τ' ἀμφί τε κάλλος ἄητο

     round about,

    h.Cer.276

    , cf. Call.Hec.1.1.13.
    2 π. does not suffer anastrophe in the [dialect] Ep. phrase π. κῆρι right heartily,

    π. κῆρι φίλησε Il.13.430

    , etc. ( κῆρι φιλεῖν alone, 9.117);

    ἀπέχθωνται π. κῆρι 4.53

    ; π. κῆρι τιέσκετο ib.46, cf. Od.5.36, 7.69;

    π. κῆρι.. ἐχολώθη Il.13.206

    ; also

    π. φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή 16.157

    ;

    π. φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη Od.14.433

    ;

    ἀλύσσοντες π. θυμῷ Il.22.70

    , cf. Od.14.146;

    π. σθένεϊ Il.17.22

    .
    4 περὶ κάτω bottom upwards,

    δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος Stratt.34

    , cf. Phot.;

    τὴν κόγχην στρέψας π. τὰ κάτω Ael.NA9.34

    .
    F IN COMPOS. all its chief senses recur, esp.
    I extension in all directions as from a centre, all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.
    II completion of an orbit and return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι ( εἶμι ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.
    III a going over or beyond, above, before, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω v, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω.
    IV generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Lat. per-.
    V the notion of double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compd., περιδέξιος (q.v.).
    G PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in Il. or Od. (

    περ' ἰγνύσι h.Merc. 152

    ); once in Hes.,

    περίαχε Th. 678

     (cf. Q.S.3.601, 11.382), v. ἰάχω fin.;

    περ' ἰγνύῃσι Theoc.25.242

     ;

    περ' Ἠδάλιον Inscr.Cypr. 135.27

     H.; also in Pi.,

    περάπτων P.3.52

     ;

    περόδοις N.11.40

    ;

    περιδαῖος Fr. 154

     ;

    περ' αὐτᾶς P.4.265

     ;

    ταύτας περ' ἀτλάτου πάθας O.6.38

     : not in Trag. (περεβάλοντο, περεσκήνωσεν are ff. ll. in A.Ag. 1147, Eu. 634); in Com. and codd. of Prose writers only in part. of περίειμι ( εἶμι ibo) (q. v.):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Com., περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, Ar.Eq. 1005 sq.:—[dialect] Aeol. περρ metri gr., v. A. 5.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περί

  • 5 лампа

    lamp, light
    * * *
    ла́мпа ж.
    включа́ть ла́мпу в цепь [в схе́му] — bring a lamp into circuit
    ла́мпа га́снет — a lamp goes out
    ла́мпа гори́т вполнака́ла — a lamp is at half-glow
    ла́мпа загора́ется — a lamp illuminates [lights (up), comes on]
    ла́мпа загора́ется при напряже́нии (напр. 220 V [m2]) — a lamp starts on [from] (e. g., 220 V)
    ла́мпа не све́тится — the (signal) lamp is dark
    ла́мпа перегора́ет — a lamp blows
    ла́мпа рабо́тает от исто́чника то́ка напряже́нием (напр. 220 V) — a lamp runs on [from] (e. g., 220 V)
    ла́мпа све́тится — the (signal) lamp is lighted [illuminated, ON]
    уме́ньшить нака́л ла́мпы — dim a lamp [a light]
    2. радио брит. valve; амер. tube (Примечание. В современной английской литературе наблюдается тенденция пользоваться термином tube)
    включа́ть ла́мпу в цепь [в схе́му] — bring a valve [a tube] into circuit
    включа́ть ла́мпу по схе́ме с о́бщим като́дом — connect a valve [a tube] in a common-cathode circuit
    запира́ть ла́мпу по (напр. аноду, сетке и т. п.) — cut off a valve [a tube] on (e. g., the anode, grid, etc.)
    пока́чивать ла́мпу — rock [jiggle] a valve [a tube]
    ла́мпа с «га́зом» жарг. — the valve [the tube] is “gassy”
    ла́мпа авари́йной сигнализа́ции — alarm lamp, alarm light
    бактерици́дная ла́мпа — germicidal lamp
    ла́мпа бегу́щей волны́ [ЛБВ] — travelling wave valve, travelling wave tube, TWT
    биспира́льная ла́мпа — coiled-coil lamp
    ве́нтильная ла́мпа — rectifier valve, rectifier tube, valve tube
    вибросто́йкая ла́мпа — vibration-service lamp
    вихрева́я ла́мпа — vortex valve, vortex tube
    вольфра́мовая ла́мпа — tungsten lamp
    вольфра́мово-гало́идная ла́мпа — tungsten-halogen lamp
    вызывна́я ла́мпа тлф. — calling lamp; ( коммутатора системы ЦБ) line lamp
    выпрями́тельная ла́мпа — rectifier valve, rectifier tube
    выпрями́тельная, одноано́дная ла́мпа — single-anode rectifier valve, single-anode rectifier tube
    высокова́куумная ла́мпа — high-vacuum [hard] valve, high-vacuum [hard] tube
    высоково́льтная ла́мпа — high-voltage lamp
    ла́мпа высо́кого давле́ния — high-pressure lamp
    ла́мпа высо́кого давле́ния с пара́ми мета́ллов — high-pressure metal-vapour lamp
    высокочасто́тная ла́мпа — high-frequency [h.f.] valve, radio-frequency [r-f] tube
    газопо́лная ла́мпа — gas-filled lamp
    газоразря́дная ла́мпа — (gaseous-)discharge lamp
    газосве́тная ла́мпа — glow-discharge lamp
    генера́торная ла́мпа — transmitting valve, transmitting tube
    головна́я ла́мпа горн. — head [cap] lamp
    двухано́дная ла́мпа — double-anode valve, double-plate tube
    двухлучева́я ла́мпа — double-beam valve, double-beam tube
    двухсве́тная ла́мпа авто — double-filament [bifilar, two-filament] bulb
    двухсе́точная ла́мпа ( с катодной сеткой) — space-charge tetrode
    двухцо́кольная ла́мпа — double-base [double-ended] valve, double-base [double-ended] tube
    двухэлектро́дная ла́мпа — two-electrode valve, two-electrode tube
    дека́дная ла́мпа — decade counting valve, decade counting tube
    де́мпферная ла́мпа — damper valve, damper tube
    дете́кторная ла́мпа — detector valve, detector tube
    ла́мпа дневно́го све́та — daylight lamp
    дугова́я ла́мпа — arc lamp
    ла́мпа дугово́го разря́да — arc-discharge lamp
    ла́мпа Дэ́ви горн. — Davy lamp
    жё́сткая ла́мпа — hard [high-vacuum] valve, hard [high-vacuum] tube
    задаю́щая ла́мпа — driver valve, driver tube
    ла́мпа за́нятости свз. — busy [engaged] lamp
    ла́мпа за́нятости всех реги́стров свз. — all-senders-busy lamp
    запи́сывающая ла́мпа — recording lamp
    зерка́льная ла́мпа — reflector lamp
    и́мпульсная ла́мпа — flash lamp, flash tube
    инве́рторная ла́мпа — inverter valve, inverter tube
    индика́торная ла́мпа — indicating [signal] lamp, indicating light
    индика́торная, цифрова́я ла́мпа — numerical read-out [digital indicator] tube
    ла́мпа инфракра́сного излуче́ния — infra-red lamp, IR-lamp
    ио́нная ла́мпа — gas-filled valve, gas-filled tube
    ква́рцевая ла́мпа — quartz lamp
    кинопроекцио́нная ла́мпа — projection lamp
    комбини́рованная ла́мпа — multi-unit [multiple, multisection] valve, multiunit [multiple, multisection] tube
    коммута́торная ла́мпа — switchboard lamp
    контро́льная ла́мпа — pilot [supervisory, indicating] lamp
    контро́льная ла́мпа включе́ния да́льнего све́та фар — high-beam headlight [headlight main-beam] indicator, blue control [beam indicator] lamp
    контро́льная ла́мпа заря́дки — charge indicator lamp
    контро́льная ла́мпа сигна́ла поворо́та — turn-signal control lamp
    ла́мпа контро́ля вре́мени тлф. — time-check lamp
    копирова́льная ла́мпа кфт. — printer lamp
    ла́мпа ко́свенного нака́ла — indirectly-heated [heater] valve, indirectly-heated [heater] tube
    кра́терная ла́мпа — crater lamp
    люминесце́нтная ла́мпа — luminescent lamp
    манипуля́торная ла́мпа — keying [keyer] valve, keying [keyer] tube
    мати́рованная ла́мпа — frosted lamp
    маячко́вая ла́мпа — lighthouse tube, disk-seal tube
    мига́ющая ла́мпа указа́теля поворо́та — flasher [turn indicator] bulb
    многосе́точная ла́мпа — multigrid valve, multigrid tube
    многоэлектро́дная ла́мпа — multielectrode valve, multielectrode tube
    модуля́торная ла́мпа — modulator valve, modulator tube
    мя́гкая ла́мпа — soft [low-vacuum, gassy] valve, soft [low-vacuum, gassy] tube
    ла́мпа нака́ливания — incandescent [filament] lamp
    ла́мпа нака́ливания с йо́дным ци́клом — iodine-cycle incandescent lamp
    ла́мпа нака́чки ( лазера) — pump(ing) lamp, pump tube
    ла́мпа нака́чки, и́мпульсная ( лазера) — pump(ing) flashtube
    ла́мпа нака́чки непреры́вного излуче́ния ( лазера) — continuous pump(ing) lamp, continuous pump(ing) tube
    на́триевая ла́мпа — sodium (vapour) lamp
    нео́новая ла́мпа — neon-filled [neon-glow] lamp, neon tube
    неразбо́рная ла́мпа — permanently sealed tube
    ла́мпа номерно́го зна́ка — licence plate lamp
    ла́мпа обра́тной волны́ — backward-wave valve, backward-wave tube, BWT
    общевызывна́я ла́мпа ( коммутатора системы ЦБ) — pilot lamp
    однонитева́я ла́мпа — single-filament [one-filament] bulb
    опа́ловая ла́мпа — opal lamp
    ла́мпа опти́ческой нака́чки ( лазера) — optical pump(ing) lamp, optical pump(ing) tube
    освети́тельная ла́мпа — illuminating [lighting] lamp
    ла́мпа освеще́ния подно́жки авто — courtesy lamp
    отбо́йная ла́мпа тлф. — clearing lamp; ( коммутатора системы ЦБ) supervisory lamp
    па́льчиковая ла́мпа — small-button glass [bantam] tube
    паросве́тная ла́мпа — metal vapour lamp
    пая́льная ла́мпа — brazing [blow, soldering] torch
    перека́льная ла́мпа кфт. — photoflood
    ла́мпа переме́нной ё́мкости — variable-capacitance valve, variable-capacitance tube
    ла́мпа переме́нной крутизны́ — variable-mu valve, variable-mu tube
    перено́сная ла́мпа — hand [inspection, portable] lamp
    плоскоэлектро́дная ла́мпа — planar-electrode valve, planar-electrode tube
    пневмоэлектри́ческая ла́мпа — compressed air electric lamp
    ла́мпа подсве́та шкалы́ — dial lamp
    подсве́чивающая ла́мпа — bright-up [exciter] lamp
    попере́чно-лучева́я ла́мпа — transverse-current valve, transverse-current tube
    ла́мпа после́довательного включе́ния — series lamp
    предохрани́тельная ла́мпа эл. — safety lamp
    преобразова́тельная ла́мпа — converter tube, heterodyne conversion transducer
    ла́мпа прибо́рного щитка́ — panel lamp, panel light, dash(-board) [facial] light, instrument [instrument cluster] lamp
    приё́мно-передаю́щая широкополо́сная ла́мпа — broadband TR valve, broadband TR tube
    приё́мно-усили́тельная ла́мпа — receiving valve, receiving tube
    проекцио́нная ла́мпа — projector lamp
    промежу́точная ла́мпа — intertube
    ла́мпа прямо́го нака́ла — directly heated [battery, filamentary-cathode] valve, directly heated [battery, filamentary-cathode] tube
    пятиэлектро́дная ла́мпа — five-electrode tube, pentode
    радиа́льно-лучева́я ла́мпа — radial-beam valve, radial-beam tube
    радиоусили́тельная ла́мпа — amplifying valve, amplifying tube
    разбо́рная ла́мпа — demountable [knock-down] valve, demountable [assembled, knock-down] tube
    раздели́тельная ла́мпа — pulse separator valve, pulse separator tube
    разря́дная ла́мпа — discharge lamp
    реакти́вная ла́мпа — reactance valve, reactance tube
    ла́мпа регули́руемого усиле́ния — fading tube, fading hexode
    регули́рующая ла́мпа — control valve, control tube
    ла́мпа резнатро́нного ти́па — resnatron
    резона́нсная ла́мпа — resonance (fluorescence) lamp
    рефле́кторная ла́мпа — reflector lamp
    рту́тная ла́мпа — mercury(-vapour) lamp
    рту́тная, дугова́я ла́мпа — mercury-arc lamp
    ла́мпа с автоэлектро́нной эми́ссией — cold-cathode valve, cold-cathode tube
    сверхминиатю́рная ла́мпа — subminiature valve, subminiature tube
    ла́мпа с ве́рхним вы́водом — anode-cap valve, plate-cap tube
    светодио́дная ла́мпа — light-emitting-diode [LED] lamp
    светомаскиро́вочная ла́мпа — black-out lamp
    ла́мпа с водяны́м охлажде́нием — water-cooled valve, water-cooled tube
    ла́мпа с вольфра́мовой ни́тью — tungsten lamp
    ла́мпа с втори́чной эми́ссией — secondary-emission valve, secondary-emission tube
    ла́мпа СВЧ ( не путать с ла́мпой сантиметро́вого диапазо́на) — microwave valve, microwave tube (not to be confused with a SHF valve or tube)
    ла́мпа свя́зи (в схеме, напр. приёмника) — coupling valve, coupling tube
    сдво́енная ла́мпа — dual valve, dual tube
    ла́мпа с ди́сковыми вы́водами — disk-seal valve, disk-seal tube
    сигна́льная ла́мпа — indicating [signal] lamp, indicating light
    сигна́льная ла́мпа свобо́дной ли́нии — idle indicating lamp, free line signal
    ла́мпа с като́дной се́ткой — space-charge valve, space-charge tube
    смеси́тельная ла́мпа — mixer valve, mixer tube
    ла́мпа с металли́ческой ни́тью — metal-filament lamp
    ла́мпа смеша́нного све́та — mixed-light lamp
    ла́мпа смеще́ния — bias valve, bias tube
    ла́мпа с накалё́нным като́дом — hot-cathode [thermionic] valve, hot-cathode [thermionic] tube
    ла́мпа со скоростно́й модуля́цией — velocity-modulation valve, velocity-modulation tube
    ла́мпа с отклоня́емым лучо́м — beam-deflection valve, beam-deflection tube
    ла́мпа с отрица́тельным сопротивле́нием — negative-resistance valve, negative-resistance tube
    софи́тная ла́мпа — double-ended lamp
    спектра́льная ла́мпа — spectral [spectroscopic] lamp
    спира́льно-лучева́я ла́мпа — spiral-beam valve, spiral-beam tube
    ла́мпа с пло́скими электро́дами — planar-electrode valve, planar-electrode tube
    ла́мпа с подвижны́м ано́дом — movable-anode valve, movable-plate tube
    ла́мпа с подогре́вным като́дом — cathode-heater valve, cathode-heater tube
    ла́мпа с попере́чным управле́нием — babitron valve, babitron tube
    ла́мпа с просто́й спира́льной ни́тью — single-coil lamp
    ла́мпа с се́точным управле́нием — grid-control valve, grid-control tube
    стерилизацио́нная ла́мпа — sterilamp
    ла́мпа с тормозя́щим по́лем — retarding field valve, retarding field tube
    строби́рующая ла́мпа — gate valve, gate tube
    стробоскопи́ческая ла́мпа — stroboscopic tube
    ла́мпа с ту́склым нака́лом — dull-emitter valve, dull-emitter tube
    ла́мпа с у́гольной ни́тью — carbon (filament) lamp
    ла́мпа с удлинё́нной характери́стикой — remote-cut-off valve, remote-cut-off tube
    сумми́рующая ла́мпа — adder valve, adder tube
    ла́мпа с холо́дным като́дом — cold-cathode valve, cold-cathode tube
    счё́тная ла́мпа — counting tube
    счё́тная, десяти́чная ла́мпа — decimal counting tube
    термокато́дная ла́мпа — hot-cathode [thermionic] valve, hot-cathode [thermionic] tube
    термоэлектро́нная ла́мпа — thermionic valve, thermionic tube
    ла́мпа тле́ющего разря́да — glow-discharge tube
    то́чечная ла́мпа — point-source lamp
    у́гольная ла́мпа — carbon (filament) lamp
    ударопро́чная ла́мпа — rough-service lamp
    ла́мпа ультрафиоле́тового излуче́ния — ultra-violet lamp, UV-lamp
    управля́ющая ла́мпа — control valve, control tube
    усили́тельная ла́мпа — amplifying valve, amplifying tube
    фикси́рующая ла́мпа — clamping valve, clamping tube
    цветна́я ла́мпа — coloured lamp
    цельнометалли́ческая ла́мпа — all-metal tube
    четырёхэлектро́дная ла́мпа — four-electrode valve, four-electrode tube, tetrode
    чита́ющая ла́мпа кфт. — exciter lamp
    ша́говая ла́мпа — step valve, step tube
    шнурова́я ла́мпа тлф. — cord lamp
    шумова́я ла́мпа тлф. — noisy valve, noisy tube
    электри́ческая ла́мпа — electric lamp, electric bulb
    электролюминесце́нтная ла́мпа — electroluminescent lamp
    электрометри́ческая ла́мпа — electrometer tube, tube electrometer
    электро́нная ла́мпа ( в отличие от ионной лампы) — vacuum valve, vacuum tube (as distinct from a gas-filled tube)
    электроннолучева́я ла́мпа ( не путать с электроннолучево́й тру́бкой, ЭЛТ) — electron-ray tube, “magic eye” (not to be confused with cathode-ray tube, CRT)
    эрите́мная ла́мпа — sunlamp
    этало́нная ла́мпа — comparison [standard] lamp

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > лампа

  • 6 luz

    f.
    1 light.
    apagar la luz to switch off the light
    estas farolas dan poca luz these streetlights don't shine very brightly o aren't very bright
    a la luz de in the light of
    a plena luz del día in the full light of day
    arrojar luz sobre to shed light on
    a todas luces whichever way you look at it
    dar a luz (un niño) to give birth (to a child)
    dar luz verde to give the green light o the go-ahead
    sacar a la luz to bring to light
    2 electricity.
    cortar la luz to cut off the electricity supply
    se ha ido la luz the lights have gone out
    pagar (el recibo de) la luz to pay the electricity (bill)
    3 gap.
    4 luz.
    5 airway.
    * * *
    1 (gen) light
    2 familiar (electricidad) electricity
    3 (iluminación) lighting
    5 (modelo) torch
    1 familiar intelligence sing
    \
    a la luz del día in daylight
    a plena luz del día in broad daylight
    a todas luces obviously, clearly
    dar a luz to give birth
    dar luz verde a to give the green light to
    sacar a la luz to bring to light
    salir a la luz to come out
    ver la luz (persona) to come into the world 2 (libro etc) to come out
    luces de cruce dipped headlights
    luces de posición sidelights
    luces cortas dipped headlights
    luz del día daylight
    luz del sol sunlight
    luces largas full beam
    * * *
    noun f.
    3) span
    •
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=claridad) light

    una casa con mucha luz — a very bright house, a house that gets a lot of light

    • a media luz, la habitación estaba a media luz — the room was in half-darkness

    • a primera luz — at first light

    • quitar o tapar la luz a algn — to be in sb's light

    aparta de ahí, que me quitas o tapas la luz — get out of the way, you're in my light

    estar entre dos luces — * (=borracho) to be mellow, be tipsy

    - ver la luz al final del túnel

    luz del día, se despierta con la luz del día — she wakes up when it gets light o liter at first light

    luz de (la) luna, a la luz de la luna — by the light of the moon, by moonlight

    luz de las velas, a la luz de las velas — by candlelight

    luz y sonido, un espectáculo de luz y sonido — a son et lumière show

    brillar
    2) (=lámpara, foco) light

    • apagar la luz — to switch o turn o put the light off

    • encender o LAm prender o poner la luz — to switch o turn o put the light on

    luces altas — Chile full-beam headlights (Brit), high beams (EEUU)

    luces cortas — dipped headlights, low beams (EEUU)

    poner las luces cortas o Chile bajas — to dip one's headlights, dim one's headlights (EEUU)

    luces de aterrizaje — (Aer) landing lights

    luces de balización — (Aer) runway lights

    luces de carretera — full-beam headlights (Brit), high beams (EEUU)

    poner las luces de cruce — to dip one's headlights, dim one's headlights (EEUU)

    luces de frenado, luces de freno — brake lights

    luces largas — = luces de carretera

    luces traseras — rear lights, tail lamps

    luz de Bengala — (Mil) flare, star-shell; LAm (=fuego de artificio) sparkler

    luz de cortesía — courtesy light; CAm sidelight

    luz de situación — sidelight, parking light

    luz piloto — sidelight, parking light

    luz relámpago — (Fot) flashlight

    recibir luz verde — to get the go-ahead o the green light

    luz vuelta — Méx direction indicator

    traje II
    3) (=suministro de electricidad) electricity

    ¿cuánto has pagado de luz este mes? — how much was your electricity bill this month?

    4) (tb: luz pública)

    ver la luz — [libro, disco] to appear, come out

    5) (Med)

    • dar a luz — [+ niño] to give birth

    6) Cono Sur (=ventaja)
    7) (=aclaración) light

    arrojar luz sobre algo — to cast o shed o throw light on sth

    8) (Arquit) [de puerta, hueco] span; [de edificio] window, opening; [de puente] span
    9) pl luces (=inteligencia) intelligence sing

    corto de luces, de pocas luces — dim, stupid

    10) ( Hist, Literat)
    11) Cono Sur (=distancia) distance between two objects
    12) And ** dough **, money
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( claridad) light

    luces y sombras — (Art) light and shade

    entre dos luces — (liter) ( al amanecer) at daybreak (liter); ( al anochecer) at twilight (liter)

    sacar algo a la luz — <secreto/escándalo> to bring something to light; < publicación> to bring out

    salir a la luz — secreto/escándalo to come to light; publicación to come out

    tener pocas luces — (fam) to be dim-witted

    ver la luz — (liter) persona to come into the world (liter); publicación to be published ( for the first time)

    a todas luces: esto es, a todas luces, una injusticia — whichever way you look at it, this is an injustice

    2) (fam) ( electricidad) electricity

    se fue la luz — ( en una casa) the electricity went off; ( en una zona) there was a power cut

    3) ( dispositivo) light

    encender or (AmL) prender la luz — to turn on o switch on the light

    apagar la luz — to turn off o switch off the light

    comerse una or la luz — (Ven fam) to go through a red light

    dar luz verde a algo — to give something the green light

    4) (Arquit, Ing) span
    * * *
    = illumination, light, power, light fitting, light fixture, lighting fixture.
    Ex. Also if the illumination is uneven, comfort conditions can be impaired.
    Ex. Examination reveals positions on the cards where the light passes through all the cards in a stack.
    Ex. This article covers requirements of space, power, environment, security and alarm systems, and data and telecommunications.
    Ex. During the war, all of the light fittings on the bridge were screened as a blackout measure.
    Ex. By replacing the five most frequently used light fixtures in your home with energy-saving models, you can save more than $65 each year.
    Ex. Deuxville's main downtown library was beautifully decorated in rare woods and marbles, bronze lighting fixtures and stained glass.
    ----
    * a años luz de = light years away from.
    * a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.
    * a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.
    * a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.
    * a la luz del día = in the light of day.
    * a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.
    * a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.
    * año luz = light year.
    * apagar la luz = turn + the light off.
    * apagón de luz = electrical power blackout.
    * a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.
    * araña de luces = chandelier.
    * arrojar luz = shed + light (on/upon), shed + understanding.
    * arrojar luz sobre = throw + light on, cast + light on.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * bombilla de la luz = light bulb.
    * con poca luz = badly-lit.
    * contador de la luz = electric meter, electricity meter.
    * corte de luz = power outage, power failure, outage, disruption in the flow of electricity, power cut.
    * corto de luces = dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], dim-witted [dimwitted].
    * dar a luz = birth, deliver.
    * dar a luz a = give + birth to.
    * dar luz verde = give + green light, give + the go-ahead.
    * de pocas luces = dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], dim-witted [dimwitted].
    * desvanecerse la luz = light + fail.
    * emisor de luz = light-emitting.
    * emitir luz = emit + light.
    * encender la luz = turn + the light on.
    * enchufe de la luz = light socket.
    * epilepsia causada por la luz = photosensitive epilepsy.
    * epilético sensible a la luz = photosensitive epileptic.
    * exponer a la luz = expose to + light.
    * exponer a la luz del día = expose to + daylight.
    * exponer a la luz del sol = expose to + sunlight.
    * fuente de luz = light source.
    * hacer que se encienda una luz = activate + light.
    * haz de luz = beam.
    * inducido por la luz = light-induced.
    * LED [diodo emisor de luz] = LED [light-emitting diode].
    * llenar de luz = flood with + light, brighten up.
    * luces de emergencia = blackout facilities, hazard lights.
    * luz + apagarse = light + go out.
    * luz artificial = artificial light.
    * luz cálida = warm white light.
    * luz cegadora = blinding light.
    * luz de aviso = warning light.
    * luz débil = glimmer.
    * luz de emergencia = emergency warning light.
    * luz de frenado = brake light, stoplamp, stoplight.
    * luz de freno = brake light, stoplamp, stoplight.
    * luz de la luna = moonlight.
    * luz delantera = headlight, headlamp.
    * luz de las estrellas = starlight.
    * luz del día = daylight.
    * luz del sol = sunlight, sunshine.
    * luz de mesa = table light.
    * luz de mesita de noche = bedside lamp.
    * luz descendente = downlight.
    * luz deslumbradora = glare.
    * luz embutida = recessed light, recessed downlight, downlight.
    * luz empotrada = recessed light, recessed downlight, downlight.
    * luz guía = beacon light.
    * luz natural = daylight, natural daylight, natural light.
    * luz piloto = pilot light.
    * luz posterior = tail light.
    * luz roja = red light.
    * luz tenue = glimmer.
    * luz trasera = tail light.
    * luz ultravioleta = UV light.
    * luz verde = green light, go-ahead.
    * luz y guía = lodestar.
    * media luz = half-light.
    * noche de luz de luna = moonlight night.
    * no expuesto a la luz = unexposed.
    * no tener pocas luces = as daft as a brush.
    * plantear a la luz de = discuss + in the light of.
    * poste de la luz = lamppost, light pole.
    * punto de luz = power point, electrical outlet, socket outlet, outlet.
    * rayo de luz = light beam, light ray, ray of light.
    * reflejar la luz = trap + light.
    * sacar a la luz = bring to + light, dredge up.
    * salir a la luz = come to + light, go + live.
    * sensible a la luz = light-sensitive.
    * Siglo de las Luces, el = Enlightenment, the, Age of Enlightenment, the.
    * sin luz de luna = moonless.
    * tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, knucklehead.
    * toma de luz = outlet, power point, socket, socket outlet.
    * toques de luz = highlights.
    * un rayo de luz esperanzador = a faint glimmer of light.
    * velocidad de la luz, la = speed of light, the.
    * ver la luz = see + the light.
    * ver la luz al final del túnel = see + the light at the end of the tunnel.
    * ver la luz del día = see + the light of day.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( claridad) light

    luces y sombras — (Art) light and shade

    entre dos luces — (liter) ( al amanecer) at daybreak (liter); ( al anochecer) at twilight (liter)

    sacar algo a la luz — <secreto/escándalo> to bring something to light; < publicación> to bring out

    salir a la luz — secreto/escándalo to come to light; publicación to come out

    tener pocas luces — (fam) to be dim-witted

    ver la luz — (liter) persona to come into the world (liter); publicación to be published ( for the first time)

    a todas luces: esto es, a todas luces, una injusticia — whichever way you look at it, this is an injustice

    2) (fam) ( electricidad) electricity

    se fue la luz — ( en una casa) the electricity went off; ( en una zona) there was a power cut

    3) ( dispositivo) light

    encender or (AmL) prender la luz — to turn on o switch on the light

    apagar la luz — to turn off o switch off the light

    comerse una or la luz — (Ven fam) to go through a red light

    dar luz verde a algo — to give something the green light

    4) (Arquit, Ing) span
    * * *
    = illumination, light, power, light fitting, light fixture, lighting fixture.

    Ex: Also if the illumination is uneven, comfort conditions can be impaired.

    Ex: Examination reveals positions on the cards where the light passes through all the cards in a stack.
    Ex: This article covers requirements of space, power, environment, security and alarm systems, and data and telecommunications.
    Ex: During the war, all of the light fittings on the bridge were screened as a blackout measure.
    Ex: By replacing the five most frequently used light fixtures in your home with energy-saving models, you can save more than $65 each year.
    Ex: Deuxville's main downtown library was beautifully decorated in rare woods and marbles, bronze lighting fixtures and stained glass.
    * a años luz de = light years away from.
    * a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.
    * a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.
    * a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.
    * a la luz del día = in the light of day.
    * a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.
    * a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.
    * año luz = light year.
    * apagar la luz = turn + the light off.
    * apagón de luz = electrical power blackout.
    * a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.
    * araña de luces = chandelier.
    * arrojar luz = shed + light (on/upon), shed + understanding.
    * arrojar luz sobre = throw + light on, cast + light on.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * bombilla de la luz = light bulb.
    * con poca luz = badly-lit.
    * contador de la luz = electric meter, electricity meter.
    * corte de luz = power outage, power failure, outage, disruption in the flow of electricity, power cut.
    * corto de luces = dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], dim-witted [dimwitted].
    * dar a luz = birth, deliver.
    * dar a luz a = give + birth to.
    * dar luz verde = give + green light, give + the go-ahead.
    * de pocas luces = dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], dim-witted [dimwitted].
    * desvanecerse la luz = light + fail.
    * emisor de luz = light-emitting.
    * emitir luz = emit + light.
    * encender la luz = turn + the light on.
    * enchufe de la luz = light socket.
    * epilepsia causada por la luz = photosensitive epilepsy.
    * epilético sensible a la luz = photosensitive epileptic.
    * exponer a la luz = expose to + light.
    * exponer a la luz del día = expose to + daylight.
    * exponer a la luz del sol = expose to + sunlight.
    * fuente de luz = light source.
    * hacer que se encienda una luz = activate + light.
    * haz de luz = beam.
    * inducido por la luz = light-induced.
    * LED [diodo emisor de luz] = LED [light-emitting diode].
    * llenar de luz = flood with + light, brighten up.
    * luces de emergencia = blackout facilities, hazard lights.
    * luz + apagarse = light + go out.
    * luz artificial = artificial light.
    * luz cálida = warm white light.
    * luz cegadora = blinding light.
    * luz de aviso = warning light.
    * luz débil = glimmer.
    * luz de emergencia = emergency warning light.
    * luz de frenado = brake light, stoplamp, stoplight.
    * luz de freno = brake light, stoplamp, stoplight.
    * luz de la luna = moonlight.
    * luz delantera = headlight, headlamp.
    * luz de las estrellas = starlight.
    * luz del día = daylight.
    * luz del sol = sunlight, sunshine.
    * luz de mesa = table light.
    * luz de mesita de noche = bedside lamp.
    * luz descendente = downlight.
    * luz deslumbradora = glare.
    * luz embutida = recessed light, recessed downlight, downlight.
    * luz empotrada = recessed light, recessed downlight, downlight.
    * luz guía = beacon light.
    * luz natural = daylight, natural daylight, natural light.
    * luz piloto = pilot light.
    * luz posterior = tail light.
    * luz roja = red light.
    * luz tenue = glimmer.
    * luz trasera = tail light.
    * luz ultravioleta = UV light.
    * luz verde = green light, go-ahead.
    * luz y guía = lodestar.
    * media luz = half-light.
    * noche de luz de luna = moonlight night.
    * no expuesto a la luz = unexposed.
    * no tener pocas luces = as daft as a brush.
    * plantear a la luz de = discuss + in the light of.
    * poste de la luz = lamppost, light pole.
    * punto de luz = power point, electrical outlet, socket outlet, outlet.
    * rayo de luz = light beam, light ray, ray of light.
    * reflejar la luz = trap + light.
    * sacar a la luz = bring to + light, dredge up.
    * salir a la luz = come to + light, go + live.
    * sensible a la luz = light-sensitive.
    * Siglo de las Luces, el = Enlightenment, the, Age of Enlightenment, the.
    * sin luz de luna = moonless.
    * tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, knucklehead.
    * toma de luz = outlet, power point, socket, socket outlet.
    * toques de luz = highlights.
    * un rayo de luz esperanzador = a faint glimmer of light.
    * velocidad de la luz, la = speed of light, the.
    * ver la luz = see + the light.
    * ver la luz al final del túnel = see + the light at the end of the tunnel.
    * ver la luz del día = see + the light of day.

    * * *
    A
    1 (claridad) light
    la luz del sol the sunlight
    a las 10 de la noche todavía hay luz it's still light at 10 o'clock at night
    la habitación tiene mucha luz it's a very light room, the room gets a lot of light
    me está dando la luz en los ojos the light's in my eyes
    a plena luz del día in broad daylight
    esta bombilla da muy poca luz this bulb isn't very bright o doesn't give off much light
    no leas con tan poca luz don't read in such poor light
    la habitación estaba a media luz the room was in semi-darkness/half-light
    esta planta necesita mucha luz this plant needs a lot of light
    me estás tapando or quitando la luz you're in my light, you're blocking the light
    partieron con las primeras luces ( liter); they left at first light ( liter)
    claro como la luz del día: fue él, eso está claro como la luz del día it was him, that's patently obvious, it was him, it's as plain as daylight
    bueno ¿te ha quedado claro? — como la luz del día right, is that clear then? — crystal clear
    dar a luz to give birth
    dio a luz (a) un precioso bebé she gave birth to a beautiful baby boy
    entre dos luces ( liter) (al amanecer) at daybreak ( liter), at first light ( liter), at dawn; (al anochecer) at twilight ( liter), at dusk
    sacar algo a la luz ‹secreto/escándalo› to bring sth to light;
    ‹publicación› to bring out
    salir a la luz «secreto/escándalo» to come to light;
    «publicación» to come out
    el diario salió a la luz en 1951 the newspaper first came out o was first published in 1951
    el segundo número nunca salió a la luz the second issue never saw the light of day o was never published
    ser de or tener pocas luces ( fam); to be dim-witted o ( BrE) dim
    tiene pocas luces he's a bit dim-witted o dim, he's not very bright
    ser una luz ( Arg); to be as bright as a button
    ver la luz ( liter) «persona» to come into the world ( liter);
    «publicación» to be published ( for the first time)
    2
    (que permite la comprensión): a la luz de los últimos acontecimientos in the light of recent events
    arrojar or echar luz sobre algo to throw o cast o shed light on sth
    a todas luces: esto es, a todas luces, una injusticia whichever way o however o no matter how you look at it, this is an injustice
    hacérsele la luz a algn: entonces se me hizo la luz then it became clear to me
    Compuestos:
    artificial light
    white light
    overhead light
    natural light
    black light
    B ( fam) (electricidad) electricity
    les cortaron la luz their electricity was cut off
    el recibo de la luz the electricity bill
    se fue la luz (en la casa) the power went off, the electricity went (off); (en toda la calle, zona) there was a power cut
    se ha fundido la luz del cuarto de baño the bathroom light's fused o gone
    encender or ( AmL) prender la luz to turn on o switch on the light
    da la luzor dale a la luz ( Esp); turn on o switch on the light
    apagar la luz to turn off o switch off the light
    ¿qué haces todavía con la luz encendida or ( AmL) prendida? what are you doing with the light still on?
    las luces de la ciudad the city lights
    dejó la luz de la mesita encendida he left the table lamp on
    cruzó con la luz roja she crossed when the lights were red
    brillar con luces propias: un discípulo suyo que ya brilla con luces propias a student of his who has now become a great scholar ( o performer etc) in his own right, a student of his who has now become famous in his own right
    comerse una or la luz ( Ven fam); to go through a red light
    dar luz verde a algo to give sth the green light o the go-ahead
    Compuestos:
    fpl ( Chi) dipped headlights (pl)
    fpl dipped headlights (pl)
    fpl warning lights (pl)
    fpl landing lights (pl)
    fpl parking lights (pl)
    fpl colored* lights (pl)
    fpl dipped headlights (pl)
    fpl clearance lights (pl)
    fpl navigation lights (pl)
    mpl ( Col); parking lights (pl)
    fpl runway lights
    fpl:
    pon las luces largas put the headlights on main o full beam
    A ( Art) light and shade
    B (aspectos buenos y malos) the good and the bad
    luces y sombras en el balance del gobierno the good and bad aspects of the government’s performance
    (para iluminar) flare, Bengal light; (para señales) flare; (juguete) sparkler
    courtesy light
    courtesy light
    stoplight, brake light ( BrE)
    ( Arg) indicator
    mercury vapor* lamp
    neon light
    sodium vapor* lamp
    pilot light
    son et lumière
    D ( Taur):
    siempre había soñado con vestirse de luces he had always dreamed of becoming a bullfighter
    traje de luces (↑ traje (1))
    E ( Arquit, Ing) span
    * * *

     

    luz sustantivo femenino
    1 ( en general) light;

    me da la luz en los ojos the light's in my eyes;
    a plena luz del día in broad daylight;
    este reflector da mucha luz this spotlight is very bright;
    leer con poca luz to read in poor light;
    a la luz de los últimos acontecimientos in the light of recent events;
    a todas luces: whichever way you look at it;
    dar a luz to give birth;
    sacar algo a la luz ‹secreto/escándalo› to bring sth to light;

    ‹ publicación› to bring out;
    ◊ salir a la luz [secreto/escándalo] to come to light;


    [ publicación] to come out
    2


    se fue la luz ( en una casa) the electricity went off;

    ( en una zona) there was a power cut

    encender or (AmL) prender or (Esp) dar la luz to turn on o switch on the light;
    ◊ apagar la luz to turn off o switch off the light;

    cruzar con la luz roja to cross when the lights are red;
    luces de estacionamiento or (Esp) de situación parking lights (pl) (AmE), sidelights (pl) (BrE);
    luces de cruce or cortas or (AmL) bajas dipped headlights (pl);
    poner las luces largas or altas to put the headlights on high (AmE) o (BrE) full beam;
    luz de frenado stoplight, brake light (BrE);
    luz de giro (Arg) indicator
    luz sustantivo femenino
    1 light
    luz natural, sunlight
    2 (foco) light: apaga las luces, por favor, put out the lights, please
    3 (electricidad) me cortaron la luz, my electricity has been cut off
    4 Auto light
    luz larga, headlights pl; luces de cruce, dipped headlights
    luces de posición, sidelights 5 luces, (entendimiento) intelligence sing; tener pocas luces, to be dim-witted 6 traje de luces, bullfighter's costume
    ♦ Locuciones: figurado dar a luz, (parir) to give birth to
    figurado dar luz verde a, to give the green light to
    a la luz de, in the light of
    a todas luces, obviously
    ' luz' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    amortiguar
    - ancha
    - ancho
    - año
    - apagar
    - apagada
    - apagado
    - aviso
    - brillar
    - brillo
    - buena
    - bueno
    - cañón
    - cegador
    - cegadora
    - cobrador
    - cobradora
    - contador
    - corta
    - cortar
    - corto
    - dar
    - débil
    - desconectar
    - deslumbrar
    - día
    - divisar
    - domiciliar
    - encenderse
    - enchufar
    - enfocar
    - escasa
    - escaso
    - gasto
    - haz
    - interruptor
    - irradiar
    - linterna
    - oscilar
    - oscuras
    - oscuridad
    - piloto
    - precisa
    - preciso
    - proyectar
    - proyector
    - ráfaga
    - rayo
    - reflector
    - reflectora
    English:
    beam
    - birth
    - blaze
    - blind
    - blink
    - board
    - bright
    - brilliance
    - brownout
    - burn
    - candlelight
    - cast
    - catch
    - chink
    - come through
    - cut out
    - dark
    - day
    - daylight
    - deflect
    - die
    - diffuse
    - dim
    - disconnect
    - dull
    - electricity bill
    - emit
    - exposure
    - fade
    - flash
    - flicker
    - fluorescent light
    - fuel
    - give off
    - glare
    - glaring
    - glimmer
    - glow
    - glowing
    - go off
    - go on
    - go out
    - go-ahead
    - infrared
    - lay on
    - leave on
    - light
    - light year
    - moonlight
    - nod
    * * *
    luz nf
    1. [foco, energía, luminosidad] light;
    [destello] flash (of light);
    se veía una luz a lo lejos a light could be seen in the distance;
    estas farolas dan poca luz these streetlights don't shine very brightly o aren't very bright;
    esta habitación tiene mucha luz you get a lot of sunlight in this room;
    ya no hay luz a esas horas it's no longer light at that time of day, the light has gone by that time of day;
    apagar la luz to switch off the light;
    encender o Esp [m5] dar o Am [m5] prender la luz to switch on the light;
    la habitación estaba a media luz [con luz natural] it was almost dark in the room;
    [con luz artificial] the room was dimly lit;
    ponlo a la luz, que lo veamos mejor hold it up to the light so we can see it better;
    con las primeras luces [al amanecer] at first light;
    quitarle la luz a alguien [ponerse en medio] to block sb's light;
    leer a la luz de una vela to read by the light of a candle;
    una cena a la luz de las velas a candlelit dinner;
    Fig
    a la luz de [los hechos, los acontecimientos] in the light of;
    a plena luz del día in the full light of day;
    arrojar luz sobre to shed light on;
    a todas luces whichever way you look at it;
    dar a luz (un niño) to give birth (to a child);
    con luz y taquígrafos with absolute transparency;
    dar luz verde (a) to give the green light o the go-ahead (to);
    entre dos luces Literario [entre el día y la noche] at twilight;
    Literario [entre la noche y el día] at first light; Fam Fig [achispado] tipsy;
    sacar algo a la luz [revelar] to bring sth to light;
    [publicar] to bring sth out, to publish sth;
    salir a la luz [descubrirse] to come to light;
    [publicarse] to come out; RP Fam
    ser una luz to be a bright spark;
    ver la luz [publicación, informe] to see the light of day;
    [tras penalidades] to see the light at the end of the tunnel luz blanca white light;
    luz cenital light from above;
    luz del día daylight;
    luz de discoteca strobe light;
    luz eléctrica electric light;
    luz de luna moonlight;
    RP luz mala will-o'-the-wisp;
    luz natural [del sol] natural light;
    luz de neón neon light;
    luz del sol sunlight;
    luz solar sunlight
    2. [electricidad] electricity;
    cortar la luz a alguien to cut off sb's electricity supply;
    se ha ido la luz the lights have gone out;
    pagar (el recibo de) la luz to pay the electricity (bill)
    3.
    luces [de automóvil] lights;
    darle las luces a alguien to flash (one's lights) at sb;
    dejarse las luces del coche puestas to leave one's lights on
    Am luces altas:
    poner las luces altas to put one's headlights on Br full o US high beam;
    Am luces bajas Br dipped headlights, US low beams;
    luces de carretera: [m5] poner las luces de carretera to put one's headlights on Br full o US high beam;
    luces cortas Br dipped headlights, US low beams;
    luces de cruce Br dipped headlights, US low beams;
    luces de emergencia Br hazard (warning) lights, US emergency lights;
    luces de frenado brake lights;
    luces de freno brake lights;
    luces de gálibo clearance lights;
    Arg luz de giro Br indicator, US turn signal;
    luces largas: [m5] poner las luces largas to put one's headlights on Br full o US high beam;
    luz de marcha atrás reversing light;
    luces de navegación navigation lights;
    luces de niebla fog lamps o lights;
    luces de posición sidelights;
    luces de señalización traffic lights;
    luces de situación sidelights;
    luces de tráfico traffic lights;
    luces traseras Br rear lights, US tail-lights
    4.
    luces [inteligencia] intelligence;
    es de o [m5] tiene pocas luces he's not very bright
    5. Hist
    las Luces the Enlightenment
    6. [modelo, ejemplo]
    Alá es la luz que dirige nuestras vidas Allah is our guiding light
    7. Arquit [ventana] window;
    [ancho de ventana] span
    * * *
    f light;
    a la luz del día in daylight;
    dar la luz turn on the light;
    arrojar luz sobre algo fig shed light on s.th.;
    ver la luz de publicación be published, see the light of day;
    dar a luz give birth to;
    sacar a la luz fig bring to light;
    salir a la luz fig come to light;
    a todas luces evidently, clearly;
    de pocas luces fig fam dim fam, not very bright
    * * *
    luz nf, pl luces
    1) : light
    2) : lighting
    3) fam : electricity
    4) : window, opening
    5) : light, lamp
    6) : span, spread (between supports)
    7)
    a la luz de : in light of
    8)
    dar a luz : to give birth
    9)
    traje de luces : matador's costume
    * * *
    luz n
    1. (en general) light
    2. (electricidad) electricity
    dar a luz to give birth [pt. gave; pp. given]

    Spanish-English dictionary > luz

  • 7 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 8 Wolf, Carl

    [br]
    b. 23 December 1838 Zwickau, Saxony, Germany
    d. 30 January 1915 Zwickau, Saxony, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of the most popular petroleum spirit safety lamp for use in mines.
    [br]
    From an old mining family in the Saxon coalfields, Wolf was aware from his youth of the urgent demand for a miner's lamp which would provide adequate light but not provoke firedamp explosions. While working as an engineer in Zwickau, Wolf spent his spare time conducting experiments for such a lamp. The basic concept of his invention was the principle that dangerous concentrations of methane and air would not explode within a small pipe; this had been established almost seventy years earlier by the English chemist Humphrey Davy. By combining and developing certain devices designed by earlier inventors, in 1883 Wolf produced a prototype with a glass cylinder, a primer fixed inside the lamp and a magnetic lock. Until the successful application of electric light, Wolfs invention was the safest and most popular mining safety lamp. Many earlier inventions had failed to address all the problems of lighting for mines; Davy's lamp, for example, would too quickly become sooty and hot. As Wolfs lamp burned petroleum spirit, at first it was mistrusted outside Saxony, but it successfully passed the safety tests in all the leading coal-producing countries at that time. As well as casting a safe, constant light, the appearance of the cap flame could indicate the concentration of fire-damp in the air, thus providing an additional safety measure. Wolfs first patent was soon followed by many others in several countries, and underwent many developments. In 1884 Heinrich Friemann, a merchant from Eisleben, invested capital in the new company of Friemann and Wolf, which became the leading producer of miners' safety lamps. By 1914 they had manufactured over one million lamps, and the company had branches in major mining districts worldwide.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    F.Schwarz, 1914, Entwickelung und gegenwär-tiger Stand der Grubenbeleuchtung beim Steinkohlen-Bergbau, Gelsenkirchen (a systematic historical outline of safety lamp designs).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Wolf, Carl

  • 9 Jablochkoff, Paul

    [br]
    b. 14 September 1847 Serdobsk, Russia
    d. April 1894 St Petersburg, Russia
    [br]
    Russian military engineer and inventor of an electric "candle", the invention of which gave an immense impetus to electric lighting in the 1870s.
    [br]
    Jablochkoff studied at the Military Engineering College in St Petersburg. Having a scientific bent, he was sent to the Military Galvano Technical School. At the end of his military service in 1871 he was appointed Director General of the Moscow-Kursk telegraph lines for the Midi Railway Company. At this time he began to develop an interest in electric lighting, and in 1875 he left the Imperial Telegraph Service to devote his time exclusively to scientific pursuits. He found employment at the workshop of M Bréguet in Paris, where Gramme dynamos and Serrin arc lamps were being constructed. After some experimentation he found a means of producing a carbon arc that regulated itself without any mechanism. This lamp, the Jablochkoff candle, with two carbon rods placed parallel to each other and so close that an arc formed at the ends, could continue to burn until the rods were consumed. Plaster of Paris was used to separate the two electrodes and crumbled away as the carbon burned, thus exposing fresh carbon. These lamps were used in May 1878 in Paris to illuminate the avenue de l'Opéra, and later in Rome and London, and in essence were the first practical electric street lighting. Since there was no regulating mechanism, several candles could be placed in a single circuit. Despite inherent defects, such as the inability to restart the lamps after they were extinguished by wind or interruption of supply, they remained in use for some purposes for several years on account of their simplicity and cheapness. In 1877 Jablochkoff obtained the earliest patent to employ transformers to distribute current in an alternating-current circuit.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    11 September 1876, British patent no. 3,552 (Jablochkoff's candle).
    22 May 1877, British patent no. 1,996 (transformer or induction coil distribution).
    Further Reading
    W.J.King, 1962, The Development of Electrical Technology in the 19th Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Paper 30, pp. 393–407 (a detailed account). W.E.Langdon, 1877, "On a new form of electric light", Journal of the Society of
    Telegraph Engineers 6:303–19 (an early report on Jablochkoffs system).
    Engineering (1878) 26:125–7.
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Jablochkoff, Paul

  • 10 Coolidge, William David

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 23 October 1873 Hudson, Massachusetts, USA
    d. 3 February 1975 New York, USA
    [br]
    American physicist and metallurgist who invented a method of producing ductile tungsten wire for electric lamps.
    [br]
    Coolidge obtained his BS from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1896, and his PhD (physics) from the University of Leipzig in 1899. He was appointed Assistant Professor of Physics at MIT in 1904, and in 1905 he joined the staff of the General Electric Company's research laboratory at Schenectady. In 1905 Schenectady was trying to make tungsten-filament lamps to counter the competition of the tantalum-filament lamps then being produced by their German rival Siemens. The first tungsten lamps made by Just and Hanaman in Vienna in 1904 had been too fragile for general use. Coolidge and his life-long collaborator, Colin G. Fink, succeeded in 1910 by hot-working directly dense sintered tungsten compacts into wire. This success was the result of a flash of insight by Coolidge, who first perceived that fully recrystallized tungsten wire was always brittle and that only partially work-hardened wire retained a measure of ductility. This grasped, a process was developed which induced ductility into the wire by hot-working at temperatures below those required for full recrystallization, so that an elongated fibrous grain structure was progressively developed. Sintered tungsten ingots were swaged to bar at temperatures around 1,500°C and at the end of the process ductile tungsten filament wire was drawn through diamond dies around 550°C. This process allowed General Electric to dominate the world lamp market. Tungsten lamps consumed only one-third the energy of carbon lamps, and for the first time the cost of electric lighting was reduced to that of gas. Between 1911 and 1914, manufacturing licences for the General Electric patents had been granted for most of the developed work. The validity of the General Electric monopoly was bitterly contested, though in all the litigation that followed, Coolidge's fibering principle was upheld. Commercial arrangements between General Electric and European producers such as Siemens led to the name "Osram" being commonly applied to any lamp with a drawn tungsten filament. In 1910 Coolidge patented the use of thoria as a particular additive that greatly improved the high-temperature strength of tungsten filaments. From this development sprang the technique of "dispersion strengthening", still being widely used in the development of high-temperature alloys in the 1990s. In 1913 Coolidge introduced the first controllable hot-cathode X-ray tube, which had a tungsten target and operated in vacuo rather than in a gaseous atmosphere. With this equipment, medical radiography could for the first time be safely practised on a routine basis. During the First World War, Coolidge developed portable X-ray units for use in field hospitals, and between the First and Second World Wars he introduced between 1 and 2 million X-ray machines for cancer treatment and for industrial radiography. He became Director of the Schenectady laboratory in 1932, and from 1940 until 1944 he was Vice-President and Director of Research. After retirement he was retained as an X-ray consultant, and in this capacity he attended the Bikini atom bomb trials in 1946. Throughout the Second World War he was a member of the National Defence Research Committee.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1965, "The development of ductile tungsten", Sorby Centennial Symposium on the History of Metallurgy, AIME Metallurgy Society Conference, Vol. 27, ed. Cyril Stanley Smith, Gordon and Breach, pp. 443–9.
    Further Reading
    D.J.Jones and A.Prince, 1985, "Tungsten and high density alloys", Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society 19(1):72–84.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Coolidge, William David

  • 11 Sperry, Elmer Ambrose

    [br]
    b. 21 October 1860 Cincinnatus, Cortland County, New York, USA
    d. 16 June 1930 Brooklyn, New York, USA
    [br]
    American entrepreneur who invented the gyrocompass.
    [br]
    Sperry was born into a farming community in Cortland County. He received a rudimentary education at the local school, but an interest in mechanical devices was aroused by the agricultural machinery he saw around him. His attendance at the Normal School in Cortland provided a useful theoretical background to his practical knowledge. He emerged in 1880 with an urge to pursue invention in electrical engineering, then a new and growing branch of technology. Within two years he was able to patent and demonstrate his arc lighting system, complete with its own generator, incorporating new methods of regulating its output. The Sperry Electric Light, Motor and Car Brake Company was set up to make and market the system, but it was difficult to keep pace with electric-lighting developments such as the incandescent lamp and alternating current, and the company ceased in 1887 and was replaced by the Sperry Electric Company, which itself was taken over by the General Electric Company.
    In the 1890s Sperry made useful inventions in electric mining machinery and then in electric street-or tramcars, with his patent electric brake and control system. The patents for the brake were important enough to be bought by General Electric. From 1894 to 1900 he was manufacturing electric motor cars of his own design, and in 1900 he set up a laboratory in Washington, where he pursued various electrochemical processes.
    In 1896 he began to work on the practical application of the principle of the gyroscope, where Sperry achieved his most notable inventions, the first of which was the gyrostabilizer for ships. The relatively narrow-hulled steamship rolled badly in heavy seas and in 1904 Ernst Otto Schuck, a German naval engineer, and Louis Brennan in England began experiments to correct this; their work stimulated Sperry to develop his own device. In 1908 he patented the active gyrostabilizer, which acted to correct a ship's roll as soon as it started. Three years later the US Navy agreed to try it on a destroyer, the USS Worden. The successful trials of the following year led to widespread adoption. Meanwhile, in 1910, Sperry set up the Sperry Gyroscope Company to extend the application to commercial shipping.
    At the same time, Sperry was working to apply the gyroscope principle to the ship's compass. The magnetic compass had worked well in wooden ships, but iron hulls and electrical machinery confused it. The great powers' race to build up their navies instigated an urgent search for a solution. In Germany, Anschütz-Kämpfe (1872–1931) in 1903 tested a form of gyrocompass and was encouraged by the authorities to demonstrate the device on the German flagship, the Deutschland. Its success led Sperry to develop his own version: fortunately for him, the US Navy preferred a home-grown product to a German one and gave Sperry all the backing he needed. A successful trial on a destroyer led to widespread acceptance in the US Navy, and Sperry was soon receiving orders from the British Admiralty and the Russian Navy.
    In the rapidly developing field of aeronautics, automatic stabilization was becoming an urgent need. In 1912 Sperry began work on a gyrostabilizer for aircraft. Two years later he was able to stage a spectacular demonstration of such a device at an air show near Paris.
    Sperry continued research, development and promotion in military and aviation technology almost to the last. In 1926 he sold the Sperry Gyroscope Company to enable him to devote more time to invention.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    John Fritz Medal 1927. President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1928.
    Bibliography
    Sperry filed over 400 patents, of which two can be singled out: 1908. US patent no. 434,048 (ship gyroscope); 1909. US patent no. 519,533 (ship gyrocompass set).
    Further Reading
    T.P.Hughes, 1971, Elmer Sperry, Inventor and Engineer, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (a full and well-documented biography, with lists of his patents and published writings).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Sperry, Elmer Ambrose

  • 12 cykellygte

    bicycle lamp;
    [cykellygten tændes kl. 6] lighting-up time (for cyclists) is 6 o'clock.

    Danish-English dictionary > cykellygte

  • 13 tænde

    ignite, kindle, light, light up, set light to, put on, switch on / off
    * * *
    * light;
    ( elektrisk lys) put on, switch on, turn on;
    ( uden objekt) put (el. switch) on the light(s);
    ( med ild) light the lamp(s) (, the candle);
    ( om motor) spark, fire,
    (tekn) ignite;
    (se også tændt);
    [ tænde bål] light a fire;
    [ tænde for] turn on, switch on ( fx the radio, the television, the heater); put on;
    [ tænde for gassen] light the gas;
    [ tænde ild i noget] set fire to something, set something on fire;
    [lygten tændes kl. fem] lighting-up time is five o'clock;
    [ stjernerne tændes] the stars come out;
    [ tænde en tændstik] strike a match;
    [ tænde op] light a (, the) fire;
    [ tænde under noget] light the gas (, a fire etc) under something.

    Danish-English dictionary > tænde

  • 14 Holmes, Frederic Hale

    [br]
    fl. 1850s–60s
    [br]
    British engineer who pioneered the electrical illumination of lighthouses in Great Britain.
    [br]
    An important application of the magneto generator was demonstrated by Holmes in 1853 when he showed that it might be used to supply an arc lamp. This had many implications for the future because it presented the possibility of making electric lighting economically successful. In 1856 he patented a machine with six disc armatures on a common axis rotating between seven banks of permanent magnets. The following year Holmes suggested the possible application of his invention to lighthouse illumination and a trial was arranged and observed by Faraday, who was at that time scientific adviser to Trinity House, the corporation entrusted with the care of light-houses in England and Wales. Although the trial was successful and gained the approval of Faraday, the Elder Brethren of Trinity House imposed strict conditions on Holmes's design for machines to be used for a more extensive trial. These included connecting the machine directly to a slow-speed steam engine, but this resulted in a reduced performance. The experiments of Holmes and Faraday were brought to the attention of the French lighthouse authorities and magneto generators manufactured by Société Alliance began to be installed in some lighthouses along the coast of France. After noticing the French commutatorless machines, Holmes produced an alternator of similar type in 1867. Two of these were constructed for a new lighthouse at Souter Point near Newcastle and two were installed in each of the two lighthouses at South Foreland. One of the machines from South Foreland that was in service from 1872 to 1922 is preserved in the Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh. A Holmes generator is also preserved in the Science Museum, London. Holmes obtained a series of patents for generators between 1856 and 1869, with all but the last being of the magneto-electric type.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    7 March 1856, British patent no. 573 (the original patent for Holmes's invention).
    1863, "On magneto electricity and its application to lighthouse purposes", Journal of the Society of Arts 12:39–43.
    Further Reading
    W.J.King, 1962, in The Development of Electrical Technology in the 19th Century; Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Paper 30, pp. 351–63 (provides a detailed account of Holmes's generators).
    J.N.Douglas, 1879, "The electric light applied to lighthouse illumination", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 57(3):77–110 (describes trials of Holmes's machines).
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Holmes, Frederic Hale

  • 15 Stevenson, Robert

    [br]
    b. 8 June 1772 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 12 July 1850 Edinburgh, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish lighthouse designer and builder.
    [br]
    After his father's death when he was only 2 years old, Robert Stevenson was educated at a school for children from families in reduced circumstances. However, c. 1788 his mother married again, to Thomas Smith, Engineer to the Northern Lighthouse Board. Stevenson then served an apprenticeship under his new stepfather. The Board, which is still an active force in the 1990s, was founded in 1786 to oversee the lights and buoyage in some of the wildest waters in Western Europe, the seas around the coasts of Scotland and the Isle of Man.
    After studies at Andersen's College (now the University of Strathclyde) and later at Edinburgh University, Stevenson assumed responsibility in the field for much of the construction work sanctioned by the Board. After some years he succeeded Smith as Engineer to the Board and thereby the long connection between the Northern Lights and the Stevenson family commenced.
    Stevenson became Engineer to the Board when he was about 30 years old, remaining in that office for the best part of half a century. During these years he improved catoptric lighting, adopted the central lamp refracting system and invented the intermittent flashing light. While these developments were sufficient to form a just memorial to the man, he was involved in greater endeavours in the construction of around twenty lighthouses, most of which had ingenious forms of construction. The finest piece was the Bell Rock Lighthouse, built on a reef off the Scottish East Coast. This enterprise took five years to complete and can be regarded as the most important construction of his life.
    His interests fitted in with those of the other great men living in and around Edinburgh at the time, and included oceanography, astronomy, architecture and antiquarian studies. He designed several notable bridges, proposed a design for the rails for railways and also made a notable study of marine timber borers. He contributed to Encyclopaedia Britannica and to many journals.
    His grandson, born in the year of his death, was the famous author Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–94).
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS Edinburgh.
    Further Reading
    Sir Walter Scott, 1982, Northern Lights, Hawick.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Stevenson, Robert

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